Circuit Symbols

 

WH Question Words

what?: asking for information about something.
                   Example: What is your name? My name is _______.
                   What do you like? I like video games.

which?: asking about choice.
                     Example: Which colour do you want? I like blue.
                     Which is your favourite animal? My favourite animal is the capybara.

when?: asking about time.
                    Example: When did he leave? He left yesterday.                    
                    When is your birthday? It is in May, on the 15th.

where?: asking in or at what place or position.
                     Example: Where do you live? I live in Vk.
                     Where is Bogotá? It´s in Colombia.

who?: asking what or which person or people (subject).
                 Example: Who opened the door? I did.
                 Who is your best friend? My best friend is Oscar.     

whose?: asking about ownership.
                      Example: Whose are these keys? They are mine.
                      Whose are these glasses? They are yours.

why?: asking for reason, asking what...for.
                Example: Why do you say that? Because I know it.
                Why are you so happy? I´m happy because it´s Friday.

how?: asking about manner.
                Example: How does this work? It needs a key.
                asking about condition or quality.
                Example: How was your exam? It was easy.

how + adj/adv?: asking about extent or degree:

how much?: quantity (uncountable).
Example: How much milk do you want? I want a glass.

how many?: quantity (countable).
Example: How many cars are there? There are three.

how far?: distance.
Example: How far do you live? I live two kilometres away.

how long?: length (time or space).
Example: How long will it take? It will take 2 hours.

how old?: age.
Example: How old are you? I am thirty years old.

what...for?: asking for a reason, asking why.
Example: What did you do that for? Just because!

how come?:  asking for reason, asking why.
Example: How come I can't see her? Because she is out...

 

State verbs

They describe a state, condition, feeling or perception ( not actions) 

Key Rules

No continuous tenses: You do not normally use state verbs with "-ing" forms (like present continuous or past continuous).
Use simple tenses: They are usually used in simple tenses, such as the present simple.
Correct vs. Incorrect: Say "I know the answer" instead of "I am knowing the answer."

Main Categories

Feelings and emotions: Love, hate, like, dislike, want, prefer, need.
Thoughts and opinions: Know, believe, understand, remember, think (when meaning an opinion).
Senses and perception: See, hear, smell, taste, seem, sound.
Possession and measurement: Have (when meaning own), own, belong, possess, weigh, measure.

Verbs That Can Be Both (State and Action)

Some verbs change their meaning depending on how they are used. They can be a state in one context and an action in another: 

Have: "I have a car" (state of possession) vs. "I am having lunch" (action of eating).
Think: "I think it is good" (state of opinion) vs. "I am thinking about the problem" (active mental process).
Taste: "The soup tastes good" (state of perception) vs. "The chef is tasting the soup" (action of testing). 

You can review a full breakdown and test your skills with exercises on the British Council Stative Verbs Guide. 

Repaso 1º Bach Extraordinaria

A

SECTION 1 – Tense Review: Mixed Tenses

Choose the correct verb form to complete each sentence. More than one answer may be possible; choose the most appropriate one.

1. By the time the ambulance arrived, the patient had already lost (already / lose) consciousness.

2. She had been working (work) at that company for over a decade when they suddenly let her go.

3. I had never seen (never / see) such a breathtaking landscape before in my life.

4. They had been arguing (argue) for hours before they finally reached an agreement.

5. Don't call me at noon — I will be sitting (sit) my final exam at that time tomorrow.

6. By next December, this cathedral will have stood (stand) for five hundred years.

7. The suspect claimed he was sleeping (sleep) at home when the robbery took place.

8. She has been studying (study) abroad, which is why her accent sounds so different now.

 

SECTION 2 –Complete the Passage

Complete the text using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the most natural tense.

 

   My grandmother has always been / was always (always / be) the most resilient person I have known / knew (know). When she was (be) a young girl, she had to (have to) leave her hometown due to the war that broke out (break out) in the region. She has never complained (never / complain) about those years; instead, she chose / has chosen / chooses (choose) to focus on the future. Nowadays, she still volunteers / is still volunteering (still / volunteer) at the local community centre every Saturday, despite being in her eighties. She always had said /says (say) that people need / will need (need) each other — especially in times of hardship.

 

SECTION 3 – Future Forms

Complete each sentence using the most appropriate future form: will, going to, present continuous, present simple, or future perfect/continuous.

1. Look at those dark clouds! It is going to rain (rain) any minute now.

2. The conference starts / will start (start) at 9 on Monday, so don't be late.

3. By the time you read this letter, I will have left (leave) the country.

4. I am meeting / will meet / am going to meet (meet) the director tomorrow — it's all arranged.

5. Don't worry, I will help / can help (help) you move the furniture this afternoon.

6. This time next year, she will have completed / will be completing (complete) her degree.

 

SECTION 4 – Modal Verbs: Rewrite & Identify

A) Rewrite the sentences using the modal verb in brackets without changing the meaning.

1. I'm certain he didn't cheat — that's not like him at all.  (can't)

→ He can´t have cheated in the exam.

2. It would be a good idea for you to get more sleep.  (ought to)

→ You should / ought to sleep more.

3. Perhaps they took the wrong exit on the motorway.  (might)

→ They might have taken the wrong exit.

4. She was able to escape the building before the fire spread.  (managed to)

→ She managed to scape / She was able to scape.

 

B) Choose the correct modal verb to complete each sentence.

1. You (mustn't / don't have to) smoke in this area — it's forbidden by law.

2. He (could / was able to) swim across the lake without stopping. It was incredible.

3. She (should have / must have) told us earlier — now it's too late to change the booking.

 

SECTION 5 – Phrasal Verbs in Context

Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the phrasal verbs below. Use each verb only once.

   deal with  /  come up with  /  put up with  /  get over  /  turn down  /  set out  /  come across  /  take in  /  stick to  /  make up for

 

1. The explorers set out  at dawn, hoping to reach the summit before nightfall.

2. She came across an old diary while cleaning out the attic.

3. He found it very difficult to deal with the loss of his best friend.

4. How do you put up with such rude behaviour from your colleagues every day?

5. The company decided to turn down the merger offer, citing ethical concerns.

6. We need to come up with a plan before the meeting tomorrow morning.

7. I've decided to stick to my diet plan, no matter how hard it gets.

8. There was so much information to take in that I had to take notes.

9. She worked extra hours to make up for the time she had missed.

10. The government must get over the housing crisis urgently.

 

SECTION 6 – Word Formation: Adjectives

Complete each sentence an adjective form of one of the words below. Do NOT repeat any word.
organise  /  responsible  /  involve  /  worry  /  honest  /  annoy  /  confuse  /  frighten  /  scare  /  rely

1. The instructions in the manual were so confusing that nobody could follow them.

2. It is dishonest to lie to someone who trusts you completely.

3. I find it extremely annoying when people talk loudly on their phones in public.

4. She is a highly  unreliable / irresponsible / disorganized employee — she doesn´t care much.

5. The documentary contained some frightening / scary scenes that disturbed many viewers.

6. He is deeply involved in the local community, volunteering every weekend.

7. It is worrying / disorganized / irresponsible to leave personal documents on public computers.

8. Parents are often worried about their children's use of social media.

9. Leaving young children home alone is deeply irresponsible.

10. The new filing system is very organized — everything has its own place.

 

SECTION 7 – Writing Task

Choose ONE of the following tasks and write 100 /120 words. Use a variety of tenses, modal verbs, and linking expressions.

 

   ▪  Opinion essay: 'Social media does more harm than good for young people.'

   ▪  For and against essay: 'Should gap years be compulsory before university?'

   ▪  Blog post: 'The most shocking piece of news I have ever heard.'

   ▪  Short story beginning with: 'Nobody had expected the announcement that morning…'

Repaso Extraordinaria FP

 Answer these questions:

a)      Where are you from? I am from Spain.

b)      What is your favourite sport? My favourite sport is football.

c)       When did you go on holiday? I went on holiday last august.

d)      Who is your favourite singer? My favourite singer is Hades. I don´t have a favourite singer.

e)      How are you today? I am fine.

f)       How much does a roll cost in the café? It costs 2 euros.

h)      Why are you here? Because I want to pass / Because of my parents.

i)        Which is your favourite subject? My favourite subject is English.

j)        How often do you play football? I usually play football / I play football every week / I play football twice a week.

Describe your daily routines:

- I usually wake up before 7 o´clock.

- I have breakfast at 7.

- I come to school on foot / by bus / by train...

- I am at school six hours daily.

- I never go to the gym in the afternoon.

- I come to class from Monday to Friday.

- I always go to bed after midnight,

- I  usually / always / sometimes / never / often read (or study or train) in the evening.

Use these words in a sentence:

a)      Delivery: I work for a delivery service. I deliver parcels.

b)      Customer: Customers are (not) always right.

c)       Shopping: I go shopping once a week to a shopping centre.

d)      Sell: I need to sell this house, I need money for a new one.

e)      Train: I take the train every morning. / I train boxing in the gym.

Use these verbs in a sentence: 

AM / ARE / IS (WAS / WERE)- HAVE / HAS (HAD) - DO / DOES (DID)

CAN / COULD - WILL / WOULD - SHOULD / MUST

a)      Can: We can / could go to the cinema.

b)      Will: I will go shopping next Friday.

c)       Were:. You were at the cinema yesterday.

d)      Are: They are waiting for you.

e)      Has: He has new shoes!! / He has studied a lot. 

Letters we don't pronounce.

Know = kw

Write = w

Listen = t

Walk = l

Dance = e

High = gh

Ghost = h

Answer = w (r)

Could = o, l

Comb = b

Calm = l

Describe what these people do in their jobs;

- Electricians: They fix / mend electrical gadgets.

-Teachers: They help their students.

- Firefighters: They rescue people.

- Police Officers: They control the security.

- Doctors: They look after people´s health.

Write adjectives used to describe people:

     Nice / perfect / calm / loving / caring / confident / loyal / selfish / kind / quiet / funny /angry...

APPEARANCE	CHARACTER (Positive)	CHARACTER (Negative)	SIZE/SHAPE	QUALITIES
alluring attractive beautiful distinguished drab elegant glamorous gorgeous handsome lovely neglected repulsive smart ugly	brave calm cheerful compassionate considerate cooperative friendly generous gentle kind patient pleasant thoughtful witty	aggressive cowardly cruel defiant erratic evil grumpy impatient hostile jealous rude selfish obnoxious unpleasant	big broad chubby collossol massive obese overweight plump short skinny small fat tall thin	adaptable dependable diligent efficient energetic hardworking honest intelligent inventive loyal punctual talented unbiased sincere
HAPPY	SAD	CONFIDENT	ANGRY	ANXIOUS
blissful cheerful content delighted ecstatic elated glad joyful jubilant pleased rapturous	crestfallen dejected depressed despondent discouraged dismal gloomy heartbroken miserable inconsolable upset	assertive assured self-assured self-confident decisive hopeful optimistic resolute unfaltering unflappable unperturbed	annoyed furious incensed indignant irate irritable mad outraged rankled resentful seething	apprehensive agitated concerned fidgety fretful hesitant nervous preoccupied restless tense troubled
NICE	UNPLEASANT	INTELLIGENT	BRAVE	UNTRUSTWORTHY
agreeable amicable considerate diplomatic friendly helpful kindhearted patient pleasant sociable	aggressive cruel cynical hostile impolite mean nasty obnoxious rude selfish	astute brainy bright brilliant clever creative inventive perceptive resourceful smart	adventurous audacious bold courageous daring dauntless fearless heroic plucky valiant	deceitful dishonest disloyal evasive irresponsible reckless secretive sly undependable unreliable

        Now describe yourself  in ten sentences: 

https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/exams/speaking-exams/talk-about-yourself

hthttps://test-english.com/writing/a1/how-to-write-a-personal-profile-a1-english-writing/